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Allergic Disorders
Allergic illnesses have a
significant impact that allergic diseases have on children's health and quality
of life. Allergic diseases, including asthma, are among the major causes of
chronic illnesses in the United States, affecting approximately 50 million
patients or as many as one in five children. The economic impact is enormous;
asthma alone is estimated to cost more than 6.2 billion dollars of health care
expenditures annually. Of all the chronic illnesses, allergic respiratory
problems, including allergic asthma, is the most common cause of school
absenteeism. Even though allergic disease usually is not fatal, death can result
as a consequence of allergic anaphylaxis related to medication, food, or insect
venom allergy or from a complication of asthma. Therefore, the pediatrician must
be capable of diagnosing allergic disease so as to institute appropriate
management. This review will emphasize those clinical diagnostic features
ascertained by history and physical examination as well as the appropriate
laboratory studies useful in the diagnosis of respiratory (inhalant) and
gastrointestinal (food) allergy....
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